Psychological resilience and mood disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective This systematic review aims to describe the relationship between psychological resilience and mood disorders. Methods This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. The following databases were searched on November 6, 2020: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase. Results Twenty-three articles were included and the majority of the studies included (95.7%) showed that psychological resilience has a positive impact in mood disorders. Our meta-analysis showed that individuals with bipolar disorder presented significantly lower levels of psychological resilience compared to controls (standardized mean difference [SDM]: -0.99 [95% confidence interval {95%CI}: -1.13 to -0.85], p < 0.001). In addition, individuals with depression had significantly lower levels of psychological resilience compared to controls (SDM: -0.71 [95%CI -0.81 to -0.61], p < 0.001). Conclusion Our results showed that individuals with mood disorders are less resilient than individuals without mood disorders. Our findings reinforce the importance of investigating interventions that may help to improve psychological resilience considering its positive impact in the context of mood disorders.

Frequency of type-2 diabetes mellitus in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3a

Objective: to evaluate the frequency of type-2 diabetes mellitus in patients having hepatitis C virus genotype 3[ a] infection, which is the most common type of genotype in our population

Material and Methods: a total number of 200 were enrolled from outpatient department of services hospital Lahore which is a tertiary care hospital. This was a descriptive, cross sectional survey. Both male and female patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. The patients having chronic hepatitis C infection with genotype 3[a] were screened for diabetes mellitus according to the operational definition

Results: a total number of 200 patients including 114 males and 86 females were enrolled for study. There ages ranged from 25 to 60 years. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was found in 54.42 %[ n=80] male patients and 45.58 %[ n=67] female patients. Out of 200 patients having HCV genotype 3[a] infection, 147[73.5%] had diabetes mellitus

Conclusion: we concluded that frequency of type-2 diabetes mellitus is high among patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3[a]. So it is recommended that every patient who present with hepatitis C virus genotype 3[a] infection should be screened for type-2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, it is also recommended that every setup should have closed surveillance of their patients in order to know the frequency of the problem

Accuracy of reagent strips in rapid diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of reagent strips for diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis [SBP] in cirrhotic patients with ascites, taking polymorphonuclear cell count in ascetic fluid as standard criterion. One hundred and fifty patients having cirrhosis of liver and suspicion of SBP admitted in the medical ward of Services Hospital, Lahore were included in the study. Ascetic fluid of the patients was tested in the hospital laboratory for polymorph nuclear cell count and at the same time leukocyte esterase activity of the fluid was assessed by reagent strips. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of reagent strips were calculated. Frequency of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites was 28.67%. Specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of reagent strips for diagnosis of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites, taking PMN cell count in ascetic fluid as standard criterion was calculated as 93.02%, 94.39%,86.97%,97.12% and 94% respectively. In view of the results of the current study reagent strip method can be recommended as a rapid and accurate method for diagnosis of SBP in cirrhotic patients

To determine the efficacy of intravenous l-ornithine l-aspartate in combination with current treatment in patients with hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy [HE] is the syndrome of disordered consciousness and altered neuromuscular activity that is seen in patients with acute or chronic hepatocellular failure or porto systemic shunting

Objective: To determine the efficacy of intravenous L-ornithine L-aspartate [LOLA] in combination with current treatment in patients with hepatic encephalopathy

Study Design: Quasi experimental

Setting: Study was conducted in medical unit I, Services Hospital, Lahore

Duration of Study: The study was carried out over a period of one and a half years

Subjects: Patients of chronic liver disease presenting with hepatic encephalopathy fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled in study

Methods: Sixty patients of hepatic encephalopathy were taken. They were divided into two groups of thirty each. Thirty patients labeled as group A were given the conventional treatment of hepatic encephalopathy; second group of thirty patients was labeled as group B and was given intravenous LOLA in addition to conventional treatment

Results: Group B patients showed statistically significant improvement in encephalopathy and reduction in serum ammonia levels after seventy two hours of treatment. However, there was statistically insignificant reduction in duration of hospital stay

Conclusion: Addition of LOLA in conventional treatment improves recovery from hepatic encephalopathy; but it needs further studies to document role of L-ornithine L-aspartate as regular part of treatment of hepatic encephalopathy